OPTIMIZING THE FUTURE: the Fortran Source Code of the Latin American World Model

by Vincent Devillard | Dec 19, 2025 | Historical Testimony

OPTIMIZING THE FUTURE: the Fortran Source Code of the Latin American World Model A function of a Fortran program published in 1976 by Bariloche Foundation to implement Latin America World Model (LAWM), an alternative to the famous World3 model by MIT. H. Scolnik, L....

THE HOOTER: Within the Sound of Computer Programming

by Vincent Devillard | Dec 19, 2025 | Historical Testimony

THE HOOTER: Within the Sound of Computer Programming Alan Turing, Programming instructions for the Manchester Mark II, 1950, Computer History Museum, Donald E. Knuth papers, 102724592 [Public Domain]. ABOUT CODE In 1950, computers were massive screenless machines...

ELIZA: Rediscovering the First Chatbot

by Vincent Devillard | Dec 19, 2025 | Historical Testimony

ELIZA: Rediscovering the First Chatbot Original ELIZA Source code, Joseph Weizenbaum, 1965, Prof. Weizenbaum’s archives at MIT [CC-Zero]. Men are all alike. IN WHAT WAY They’re always bugging use about something or other. CAN YOU THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE Well, my...

The First Programming TEXTBOOK

by Vincent Devillard | Dec 16, 2025 | Historical Testimony

The first programming TEXTBOOK Wilkes, Maurice V. and Wheeler, David J. and Gill, Stanley, The Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer, 1951 (1984 for reprint by The MIT Press) [˝ 1984 Tomash. All rights reserved, Original held in L. Tom Perry...

XMODEM: Computing and Community by Telephone Line

by Vincent Devillard | Dec 16, 2025 | Historical Testimony

XMODEM: Computing and Community by Telephone Line Ward Christensen, Snippet of MODEM.ASM 1977 [Public domain]. Ward Christensen passed away in 2024. The modems and phone lines that his software once lit up are now relics of a cyberspace gone by – but XMODEM lives on....